Nthawi yapitayi tidakambirana Mapampu a Vuto la Magetsi (EVPs mwachidule).Monga tikuonera, pali ubwino wambiri wa EVPs.Ma EVP alinso ndi zovuta zambiri, kuphatikiza phokoso.M'dera lamapiri, chifukwa cha kutsika kwa mpweya, EVP silingathe kupereka mlingo wofanana wa vacuum monga m'dera lachigwa, ndipo thandizo la vacuum booster ndi losauka, ndipo mphamvu ya pedal idzakhala yaikulu.Pali zophophonya ziwiri zowopsa kwambiri.Chimodzi ndi nthawi ya moyo.Ma EVP ena otsika mtengo amakhala ndi moyo osakwana maola 1,000.China ndi kuwononga mphamvu.Tonse tikudziwa kuti galimoto yamagetsi ikamayenda m'mphepete mwa nyanja kapena kuphulika, mphamvu yothamanga imatha kuyendetsa galimotoyo kuti izungulira kuti ipange zamakono.Mafundewa amatha kulipiritsa batire ndikusunga mphamvuyi.Ichi ndi braking mphamvu kuchira.Osachepetsa mphamvu izi.M'mayendedwe a NEDC agalimoto yaying'ono, ngati mphamvu ya braking imatha kubwezeretsedwanso, imatha kupulumutsa pafupifupi 17%.M'madera akumidzi, chiŵerengero cha mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi galimoto yoyendetsa galimoto ku mphamvu zonse zoyendetsa galimoto zimatha kufika 50%.Zitha kuwoneka kuti ngati mphamvu yobwezeretsa mphamvu ya braking ingakhale bwino, maulendo oyendayenda amatha kukulitsidwa kwambiri ndipo chuma chagalimoto chikhoza kukhala bwino.EVP imalumikizidwa molumikizana ndi ma braking system, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mphamvu yobwezeretsanso yamotoyo imayikidwa mwachindunji pamagetsi oyambira akukangana, ndipo mphamvu yoyambira yothamangitsa sikusintha.Mphamvu yobwezeretsa mphamvu ndiyotsika, pafupifupi 5% yokha ya Bosch iBooster yotchulidwa pambuyo pake.Kuphatikiza apo, kutonthoza kwa braking ndikosavuta, ndipo kulumikizana ndikusintha kwa braking regenerative motor ndi friction braking kumabweretsa zowopsa.
Chithunzi pamwambapa chikuwonetsa dongosolo la SCB
Ngakhale zili choncho, EVP ikugwiritsidwabe ntchito kwambiri, chifukwa malonda a magalimoto amagetsi ndi otsika, ndipo luso la kupanga chassis pakhomo ndilochepa kwambiri.Ambiri a iwo amakopedwa chassis.Ndizosatheka kupanga chassis yamagalimoto amagetsi.
Ngati EVP sikugwiritsidwa ntchito, EHB (Electronic Hydraulic Brake Booster) ndiyofunika.EHB ikhoza kugawidwa m'mitundu iwiri, imodzi imakhala ndi chowonjezera chothamanga kwambiri, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimatchedwa mtundu wonyowa.China ndi chakuti injini imakankhira mwachindunji pistoni ya silinda ya master, yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchedwa mtundu wouma.Magalimoto amphamvu a Hybrid ndi akale, ndipo woyimira womalizayo ndi Bosch iBooster.
Tiyeni tiyang'ane kaye EHB yokhala ndi cholumikizira champhamvu kwambiri, chomwe ndi mtundu wowongoleredwa wa ESP.ESP imathanso kuwonedwa ngati mtundu wa EHB, ESP imatha kuphulika mwachangu.
Chithunzi chakumanzere ndi chithunzi cha gudumu la ESP:
a--control valve N225
b-mphamvu yowongolera valavu yapamwamba kwambiri ya N227
c - valavu yolowera mafuta
d - valavu yotulutsa mafuta
e--brake silinda
f--pampu yobwezera
g--yogwira servo
h--low-pressure accumulator
Mu siteji yowonjezereka, injini ndi accumulator zimapanga pre-pressure kuti mpope yobwerera imayamwa brake fluid.N225 yatsekedwa, N227 imatsegulidwa, ndipo valavu yolowetsa mafuta imakhalabe yotseguka mpaka gudumu litaphwanyidwa kuti likhale ndi mphamvu yoboola.
Kapangidwe ka EHB kwenikweni ndi kofanana ndi ka ESP, kupatula kuti cholumikizira chotsika kwambiri chimasinthidwa ndi chowonjezera chothamanga kwambiri.The high-pressure accumulator imatha kupanga kuthamanga kamodzi ndikuigwiritsa ntchito kangapo, pomwe cholumikizira chochepa cha ESP chikhoza kupanga mphamvu kamodzi ndipo chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kamodzi kokha.Nthawi iliyonse yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito, gawo lalikulu kwambiri la ESP ndi gawo lolondola kwambiri la mpope wa plunger liyenera kupirira kutentha kwambiri komanso kuthamanga kwambiri, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito mosalekeza komanso pafupipafupi kudzachepetsa moyo wake.Ndiye pali kupanikizika kochepa kwa accumulator otsika.Nthawi zambiri, mphamvu yothamanga kwambiri imakhala pafupifupi 0,5g.Mphamvu ya braking ili pamwamba pa 0.8g, ndipo 0.5g ndiyotalikirapo.Kumayambiriro kwa mapangidwe, makina oyendetsa mabuleki oyendetsedwa ndi ESP adangogwiritsidwa ntchito pakanthawi kochepa, osapitilira ka 10 pachaka.Chifukwa chake, ESP singagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati njira yokhazikika yamabuleki, ndipo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito mwa apo ndi apo pothandizira kapena pakagwa mwadzidzidzi.
Chithunzi chomwe chili pamwambachi chikuwonetsa chowonjezera chothamanga kwambiri cha Toyota EBC, chomwe chili chofanana ndi kasupe wa gasi.Njira yopangira ma accumulators apamwamba kwambiri ndizovuta.Bosch poyamba ankagwiritsa ntchito mipira yosungirako mphamvu.Mchitidwewu watsimikizira kuti nitrogen-based high-pressure accumulators ndiyo yoyenera kwambiri.
Toyota inali yoyamba kugwiritsa ntchito dongosolo la EHB pa galimoto yopangidwa mochuluka, yomwe inali Prius (parameters | chithunzi) ya m'badwo woyamba yomwe inakhazikitsidwa kumapeto kwa 1997, ndipo Toyota anaitcha EBC.Pankhani ya braking energy recovery, EHB imakhala bwino kwambiri poyerekeza ndi EVP yachikhalidwe, chifukwa imachotsedwa pa pedal ndipo ikhoza kukhala mndandanda.Galimoto imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pobwezeretsa mphamvu poyamba, ndipo braking imawonjezedwa pomaliza.
Kumapeto kwa 2000, Bosch adatulutsanso EHB yake, yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito pa Mercedes-Benz SL500.Mercedes-Benz anaitcha SBC.Dongosolo la EHB la Mercedes-Benz poyambilira limagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto amafuta, monga njira yothandizira.Dongosololi linali lovuta kwambiri komanso linali ndi mapaipi ambiri, ndipo Mercedes-Benz adakumbukira E-Class (magawo | zithunzi), SL-class (magawo | zithunzi) ndi CLS-class (parameters | Photo) sedan, mtengo wokonza ndiwokwera kwambiri. wapamwamba, ndipo zimatengera ma yuan opitilira 20,000 kuti mulowe m'malo mwa SBC.Mercedes-Benz anasiya kugwiritsa ntchito SBC pambuyo pa 2008. Bosch adapitiriza kukonzanso dongosololi ndikusintha ma nitrogen high-pressure accumulators.Mu 2008, idayambitsa HAS-HEV, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamagalimoto osakanizidwa ku Europe ndi BYD ku China.
Pambuyo pake, TRW idakhazikitsanso dongosolo la EHB, lomwe TRW idatcha SCB.Ambiri mwa ma hybrids a Ford masiku ano ndi ma SCB.
Dongosolo la EHB ndizovuta kwambiri, cholumikizira chamagetsi champhamvu kwambiri chimawopa kugwedezeka, kudalirika sikokwera, voliyumu ndi yayikulu, mtengo wake ndi wokwera, moyo wautumiki umakayikiridwanso, ndipo mtengo wokonza ndi waukulu.Mu 2010, Hitachi adakhazikitsa EHB yoyamba yowuma padziko lapansi, yomwe ndi E-ACT, yomwe ilinso EHB yapamwamba kwambiri pakadali pano.matenda.Kuzungulira kwa R&D kwa E-ACT ndiutali ngati zaka 7, patatha pafupifupi zaka 5 zakuyesa kudalirika.Sizinafike mpaka 2013 pomwe Bosch adayambitsa iBooster ya m'badwo woyamba, ndipo iBooster ya m'badwo wachiwiri mu 2016. Mbadwo wachiwiri wa iBooster unafika pa khalidwe la E-ACT la Hitachi, ndipo a ku Japan anali patsogolo pa mbadwo wa Germany m'munda wa E-ACT. EHB.
Chithunzi pamwambapa chikuwonetsa kapangidwe ka E-ACT
EHB yowuma imayendetsa mwachindunji ndodo yokankhira ndi injini ndiyeno imakankhira pisitoni ya silinda ya master.Mphamvu yozungulira ya mota imasinthidwa kukhala mphamvu yoyenda mozungulira kudzera pa screw screw (E-ACT).Nthawi yomweyo, wononga mpira ndi chochepetsera, chomwe chimachepetsa liwiro la mota kuti Kuwonjezeka kwa torque kukankhira piston ya master silinda.Mfundo yake ndi yosavuta.Chifukwa chomwe anthu am'mbuyomu sanagwiritse ntchito njirayi ndichifukwa choti makina amabuleki amagalimoto ali ndi zofunikira zodalirika kwambiri, ndipo kusungitsa ntchito kokwanira kuyenera kusungidwa.Kuvuta kuli m'galimoto, yomwe imafuna kukula kochepa kwa injini, kuthamanga kwambiri (kupitirira 10,000 revolutions pamphindi), torque yaikulu, ndi kutentha kwabwino.The reducer ndi kovuta ndipo amafuna mkulu Machining molondola.Nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kuchita kukhathamiritsa kwadongosolo ndi master cylinder hydraulic system.Chifukwa chake, EHB yowuma idawoneka mochedwa.
Chithunzi pamwambapa chikuwonetsa mawonekedwe amkati a iBooster ya m'badwo woyamba.
Chida cha nyongolotsi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochepetsa magawo awiri kuti awonjezere torque yoyenda.Tesla amagwiritsa ntchito iBooster ya m'badwo woyamba kudutsa gulu lonse, komanso magalimoto onse amphamvu a Volkswagen ndi Porsche 918 amagwiritsa ntchito iBooster ya m'badwo woyamba, GM's Cadillac CT6 ndi Chevrolet's Bolt EV amagwiritsanso ntchito iBooster ya m'badwo woyamba.Mapangidwe awa akuti atembenuza 95% ya mphamvu yobwezeretsanso mphamvu kukhala magetsi, kupititsa patsogolo kwambiri magalimoto amagetsi atsopano.Nthawi yoyankha nayonso ndi 75% yaifupi kuposa makina onyowa a EHB okhala ndi makina othamanga kwambiri.
Chithunzi cholondola pamwambapa ndi Gawo # EHB-HBS001 Yamagetsi Yamagetsi Yamagetsi Yamagetsi yomwe ili yofanana ndi chithunzi chakumanzere pamwambapa.Msonkhano wakumanzere ndi iBooster ya m'badwo wachiwiri, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito zida za mphutsi yachiwiri kupita ku sitepe yoyamba ya mpira kuti ichepetse, kuchepetsa kwambiri voliyumu ndikuwongolera kulondola kowongolera.Ali ndi zinthu zinayi zotsatizana ndipo kukula kwachilimbikitso kumachokera ku 4.5kN mpaka 8kN, ndipo 8kN ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pagalimoto yaying'ono yokhala ndi mipando 9.
IBC idzakhazikitsidwa pa nsanja ya GM K2XX mu 2018, yomwe ndi mndandanda wa GM pickup.Dziwani kuti iyi ndi galimoto yamafuta.Inde, magalimoto amagetsi angagwiritsidwenso ntchito.
Mapangidwe ndi kuwongolera kwa ma hydraulic system ndizovuta, zomwe zimafuna kudzikundikira kwanthawi yayitali komanso luso lopanga makina abwino kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zonse pakhala pali chopanda kanthu m'munda uno ku China.Kwa zaka zambiri, kumanga maziko ake a mafakitale sikunanyalanyazidwe, ndipo mfundo yobwereka yavomerezedwa kwathunthu;chifukwa ma braking system ali ndi zofunika kudalirika kwambiri, makampani omwe akutuluka sangathe kudziwika ndi OEM konse.Chifukwa chake, kupanga ndi kupanga gawo la hydraulic la hydraulic brake system yagalimoto imayendetsedwa ndi mabungwe ogwirizana kapena makampani akunja, ndipo kuti apange ndikupanga dongosolo la EHB, ndikofunikira kupanga docking ndi kapangidwe kake. gawo la hydraulic, lomwe limatsogolera ku dongosolo lonse la EHB.Complete monopoly wa makampani akunja.
Kuphatikiza pa EHB, pali makina oyendetsa mabuleki apamwamba, EMB, omwe ndi angwiro m'malingaliro.Imasiya machitidwe onse a hydraulic ndipo ili ndi mtengo wotsika.Nthawi yoyankha pamagetsi ndi 90 milliseconds, yomwe imathamanga kwambiri kuposa iBooster.Koma pali zophophonya zambiri.Kuipa 1. Palibe dongosolo zosunga zobwezeretsera, zomwe zimafuna kudalirika kwambiri.Makamaka, dongosolo lamagetsi liyenera kukhala lokhazikika, ndikutsatiridwa ndi kulolerana kolakwika kwa njira yolumikizirana basi.Kulumikizana kosalekeza kwa node iliyonse mu dongosolo kuyenera kukhala ndi kulekerera zolakwika.Nthawi yomweyo, makinawa amafunikira ma CPU osachepera awiri kuti atsimikizire kudalirika.Kuipa 2. Kusakwanira kwa braking mphamvu.Dongosolo la EMB liyenera kukhala pakatikati.Kukula kwa likulu kumatanthawuza kukula kwa galimotoyo, yomwe imatsimikizira kuti mphamvu ya galimotoyo siingakhale yaikulu kwambiri, pamene magalimoto wamba amafunika 1-2KW ya mphamvu ya braking, yomwe panopa sizingatheke kwa ma motors ang'onoang'ono.Kuti mufike patali, mphamvu yolowera iyenera kuwonjezeka kwambiri, ndipo ngakhale ndizovuta kwambiri.Zoyipa 3. Kutentha kwa chilengedwe chogwirira ntchito ndikwambiri, kutentha pafupi ndi ma brake pads ndipamwamba kwambiri mpaka mazana a madigiri, ndipo kukula kwa injini kumatsimikizira kuti maginito okhazikika okha angagwiritsidwe ntchito, ndipo maginito okhazikika amatha kuwononga maginito pa kutentha kwakukulu. .Nthawi yomweyo, zigawo zina za semiconductor za EMB ziyenera kugwira ntchito pafupi ndi ma brake pads.Palibe zigawo za semiconductor zomwe zingathe kupirira kutentha kwakukulu koteroko, ndipo kuchepa kwa voliyumu kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zosatheka kuwonjezera makina ozizira.Kuipa 4. M'pofunika kupanga dongosolo lolingana la chassis, ndipo n'zovuta kusintha mapangidwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ndalama zambiri zachitukuko.
Vuto la osakwanira braking mphamvu ya EMB mwina kuthetsedwa, chifukwa mphamvu maginito wa maginito okhazikika, m'munsi ndi Curie kutentha mfundo, ndi EMB sangathe kudutsa malire thupi.Komabe, ngati zofunika pa braking mphamvu yachepetsedwa, EMB ikhoza kukhala yothandiza.Makina amakono oimika magalimoto a EPB ndi mabuleki a EMB.Ndiye pali EMB anaika pa gudumu kumbuyo kuti sikutanthauza mkulu braking mphamvu, monga Audi R8 E-TRON.
Kutsogolo gudumu la Audi R8 E-TRON akadali chikhalidwe hayidiroliki kamangidwe, ndi gudumu kumbuyo ndi EMB.
Chithunzi pamwambapa chikuwonetsa dongosolo la EMB la R8 E-TRON.
Titha kuwona kuti m'mimba mwake mwa injiniyo ukhoza kukhala pafupifupi kukula kwa chala chaching'ono.Onse opanga ma brake system monga NTN, Shuguang Industry, Brembo, NSK, Wanxiang, Wanan, Haldex, ndi Wabco akugwira ntchito molimbika pa EMB.Zachidziwikire, Bosch, Continental ndi ZF TRW sizikhalanso zopanda pake.Koma EMB sangathe kusintha ma hydraulic braking system.
Nthawi yotumiza: May-16-2022